Olfaction plays a key role in inducing motivation behaviors such as approaching to and eating food and being vigilant against and avoiding potential dangers. However, it is unclear how central olfactory circuits initiate odor-induced motivation behaviors. The olfactory tubercle (OT) is part of the ventral striatum and receives olfactory sensory information via the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex. The OT sends GABAergic outputs onto the ventral pallidum and disinhibits the thalamus, hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area, which may trigger motivation behaviors. To test the idea that the OT functions as a switchboard for odor-induced motivation behaviors, we trained different groups of mice to associate a same odor cue with either attractive sugar reward or aversive electrical shock punishment, and histologically compared distribution of c-Fos mRNA expressing-cells in the OT among mice that showed different behavioral responses to the conditioned odor cue. In mice that showed approaching response to the sugar-associated odor, a large number of c-Fos(+) cells were observed in rostro-medial portion of the cortex-like region of the OT. On the other hand, in mice that showed vigilant response to the shock-associated odor, a large number of c-Fos(+) cells were observed in the cap region, medial portion of the islands of Calleja, and lateral portion of the cortex-like region of the OT. The results suggest that specific subregions of the OT are involved in distinct odor-induced motivation behaviors.