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演題詳細

Symposium

理論と実験の共軛による神経回路の機能解剖
Functional dissection of neural circuits through coupling between experimental and theoretical approaches

開催日 2014/9/12
時間 9:00 - 11:00
会場 Room F(302)
Chairperson(s) 石井 信 / Shin Ishii (京都大学大学院情報学研究科 システム科学専攻 / Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Japan)
能瀬 聡直 / Akinao Nose (東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科複雑理工学専攻 / Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan)

神経系の機能を探るための逆工学法
Reverse engineering-based methods for elucidating functions of neural systems

  • S2-F-1-5
  • 石井 信 / Shin Ishii:1,2 
  • 1:京都大院・情報・システム科学 / Dept of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto Univ., Japan 2:ATR認知機構研 / ATR Cognitive Mechanisms Labs., Japan 

Reverse engineering is a technology to identify an unknown system in a data-driven fashion based on pairs of its input and output. In this talk, I present several studies to identify neural systems which employ reverse engineering methods. Since we are interested in dynamical functions of neural systems, we rely on time-lapse imaging techniques. First, I introduce a study to identify a hippocampal neuronal network based on functional multi-neuron calcium imaging data. When identifying the neuronal network, we used a sparse estimation method for a generalized linear model. For the estimation, a robust false positive control in the multiple simultaneous testing in terms of empirical Bayesian statistics was performed. As a result, we obtained two clusters of functional connectivity; the first one was of short latency and occupied by facilitating connections, and the second one was of rather long latency and included suppressive connections. A similar technique was then applied to identifying a neuron-glia system, employing an extended version of the generalized linear model. According to the reverse engineering-based method, we found that glia affect neuronal activities with the peak latency of about 500msec, being consistent with the knowledge from existing experimental studies. Next, I introduce a study to identify neuronal functions involved in the thermotaxis system of C. Elegans. The worms have sensory neurons that response to the external temperature and drive exploitative or explorative behaviors to reach their preferable temperature. Our reverse engineering-based method has elucidated some important characters of the neurons; for example, they detect the temperature difference regardless of the individuals or the preferred temperature. As such, the reverse engineering-based methods can provide a powerful analysis tool to data-driven neuroscience especially when the underlying mechanisms that emerge various neural functions are largely unknown. This study was partly supported by a contract with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications entitled 'Novel and innovative R & D making use of brain structures'.

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