Vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms, VGluT1-VGluT3, accumulate glutamate into synaptic vesicles and are considered to be important molecules in glutamatergic transmission. Among them, VGluT1 mRNA is expressed predominantly throughout cortices, whereas VGluT2 mRNA is expressed chiefly in the dorsal thalamus. Accordingly, the colocalization of VGluT1 and VGluT2 immunolabelings in axon terminals has been found only in a few regions. In this study, neuronal somata showing both VGluT1 and VGluT2 immunolabelings were firstly found exclusively in the ventral region of the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (vAD) among the rostral thalamic nuclei. Second, double-immunolabeled axon terminals were also found in the rostral part of the reticular thalamic nucleus (rRt) and the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), which are major targets of vAD. Third, two types of double-immunolabeled axon terminal were observed in RSC. We named them "Type A" and "Type B" terminals. Type B terminals were usually smaller than Type A terminals and immunopositive for VGluT2 whose signals were significantly weaker than those of VGluT1. Type A terminals are most likely axon terminals of thalamocortical projections derived from vAD, whereas Type B terminals seem to be a subset of corticocortical terminals, as determined on the basis of their morphological features and distribution pattern. Fourth, we analyzed the intracortical distribution patterns of Type A and Type B terminals in RSC subregions, the retrosplenial granular a cortex, the retrosplenial granular b cortex, and the retrosplenial agranular cortex. Because the subsets of axon terminals in RSC have a unique molecular basis of the glutamatergic transmission system, it might play an important role in the higher cognitive functions processed in RSC.