Many animals including insects can discriminate color based on the activities of several photoreceptor classes that have a distinct spectral sensitivity. However, neural mechanisms underlying color vision are not yet fully understood. Drosophila melanogaster offers a good model system for deciphering the neural basis of color vision due to the numerical simplicity of the circuits and the availability of rich genetic tools. In this study, we aimed to establish electrophysiological recordings from CNS neurons of the fly brain involved in color vision. To examine spectral sensitivities from the neurons in the color processing pathway, we first set up the light stimulus system that can give monochromatic lights ranging from 300-700 nm wavelengths. We evaluated the system by using electroretinograms and examined several basic conditions critical for recordings such as stimulus intensity and interval. We are currently working on establishing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from second-order and third-order neurons in the color processing pathway. In addition to the electrophysiological approach, we aimed to evaluate the color discrimination ability of Drosophila using a behavioral experiment. We used an appetitive conditioning, where flies were given R/G/B light from the iPad LCD display as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and sucrose as a reward (unconditioned stimulus; US). We discuss how these approaches can be combined to understand the neural basis of color vision.