Neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is present in the auditory system, are responsible for the maintenance of the auditory neurons. Increase in mobile usage has increased the risk of radiofrequency exposure in the auditory system possibly causing changes in the BDNF and GDNF immunoreactivity (IR). Therefore the present study applied RF exposure at SAR 1.6 W/kg (E1.6 group) and sham-control 0 W/kg (SC group) to determine the distribution of BDNF and GDNF in the different nuclei of superior olivary complex (SOC). Neuropil staining with BDNF was noted in the nuclei of SOC in SC group, which was greatly decreased in the E1.6 group. GDNF IR was greatly decreased in the E1.6 group when compared with the SC group. ABR analysis revealed significant elevation of threshold in the E1.6 group. BDNF is known to exert protective function against acoustic trauma while GDNF is a significant protective factor against hearing loss. The decrease in the IR of these neurotrophic factors along with increase in the GFAP IR in the SOC and changes in ABR suggests a possibility of detrimental effect of RF exposure in the auditory circuit.